Two pioneers of stem cell research, Professor John Gurdon from the UK and Professor Shinya Yamanaka from Japan, have shared the Nobel Prize for medicine or physiology.
The Nobel committee said they had “revolutionised” science.
Prof Gurdon used a gut sample to clone frogs and Prof Yamanaka altered genes to re-programme cells.
In 1962, John Gurdon took the genetic information from a cell in the intestines of a frog and placed it inside a frog egg, which developed into a normal tadpole.
Shinya Yamanaka showed that specialised mouse cells could be reprogrammed to become stem cells by introducing four genes. The resulting stem cells could then be converted to other types of cell.
The Nobel committee said the discovery had “revolutionized our understanding of how cells and organisms develop.
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