Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina on Monday appointed an army general as prime minister, hoping to quell surging protests against his leadership that have plunged the country into crisis.

In the latest days of youth-led marches, security forces dispersed hundreds of demonstrators with tear gas in Madagascar’s capital, Antananarivo, injuring at least one, AFP reporters saw.

Sparked by anger against persistent water and power cuts in the impoverished Indian Ocean island, the demonstrations started on September 25 and have grown into an angry campaign for Rajoelina to resign.

“With wisdom, I have decided to appoint Ruphin Fortunat Dimbisoa Zafisambo, divisional general, as prime minister of the government,” Rajoelina said late Monday in a declaration at the presidential palace.

The new premier should “serve the people” and be “someone clean, with integrity, and who works quickly”, he said, promising he was “ready to save Madagascar”.

A protester jumps to avoid a teargas canister during clashes with Malagasy security forces at a demonstration calling for the resignation of President Andry Rajoelina, in Antananarivo, on October 6, 2025.(Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)

The Gen Z movement that rallied the protests on social media responded by repeating calls for Rajoelina to resign.

It said it was giving him a 48-hour “ultimatum” to “respond favourably” to their demands.

“As long as Andry Rajoelina remains in power, we will continue to fight,” the group said on social media.

Anger At Power Cuts

Rajoelina’s move to sack his entire government last week failed to placate the demonstrators.

University students and residents gathered near the University of Ankatso on the outskirts of the capital on Monday, the 12th day of the movement.

They then marched towards the city centre, where they were stopped by a barricade put up by security forces.

A protester speaks with members of the security forces during an anti-government demonstration in Antananarivo on October 4, 2025. (Photo by RIJASOLO / AFP)

Clashes erupted throughout the afternoon, with at least one young man wounded and evacuated to the main hospital, AFP reporters saw.

“There are about 120 hours of power cuts per week where I live,” said 21-year-old protester Tommy Fanomezantsoa.

“We are protesting for everyone’s sake,” he told AFP. “The president is not listening to the anger of the people at the bottom. He always does what he wants.”

Deadly Clashes

The Ankatso district was the birthplace of a 1972 revolt that led to the ousting of the first president of the poverty-stricken island, Philibert Tsiranana.

“The future of this country depends on me, on you, on all of us,” one of the protest leaders told the crowd of several hundred people, urging them not to allow the movement to lose momentum.

Protesters kick a teargas canister back at police officers during clashes with Malagasy security forces at a demonstration calling for the resignation of President Andry Rajoelina, in Antananarivo, on October 6, 2025. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)

“We can clearly see that democracy in Madagascar is not respected at all,” said another protest leader.

“They are even destroying it with brutality,” he said.

He was referring to a United Nations statement last week that at least 22 people had been killed in the protests and more than 100 wounded, a figure rejected by the authorities.

The UN also condemned what it called a heavy-handed response by security forces, including the use of live ammunition.

AFP journalists witnessed a pregnant woman going into convulsions as crowds of people, including many children, fled from police in the hilly cobbled streets of the Amparibe neighbourhood.

Local media also reported a protest in the southern city of Toliara, where demonstrators burned tyres.

‘Continue Until Results’

Ahead of Zafisambo’s appointment, some were unimpressed by Rajoelina’s promise of a change of prime minister.

“We don’t want him to listen to people in his office, we want him to get out on the ground,” said demonstrator Fanomezantsoa.

A resident walks past market stalls in an open market area in Antananarivo, on October 5, 2025. The joint command overseeing law and order in Madagascar on October 5, 2025 accused demonstrators of having carried out violent actions in Antananarivo the previous day, though calm had returned on Sunday after ten days of unrest in the Indian Ocean island. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)

He said he had been unemployed since the supermarket where he worked was looted on the first night of the protests.

“We will continue until we get results,” he said.

The Christian Council of Churches of Madagascar (FFKM) said it was prepared to mediate between the government and protesters.

The Gen Z movement has taken inspiration from similar youth-led movements in Bangladesh, Nepal and Indonesia, waving a pirate flag from the Japanese manga comic One Piece.